Newborn babies have high number of immature monocytes expressed CD116 in peripheral blood than adults.

.Monocytes are able to differentiate to dendritic cells (DCs) under inflammatory situations. Different monocyte subsets show distinct inflammatory cytokine profiles and differentiation potential under steady-state and inflammatory situations. The major subset of monocytes consists of CD14-high CD16-negative (CD14++CD16−). Commited dendritic cell originated from immature monocytes. In humans (hpre-CDC) that develops from committed DC progenitors (hCDPs) in the BM. We have measured the number of immature monocytes (pre-CDC) with CD34+CD38+ CD116+ expression by flow cytometry with acquisition of a million cells from peripheral blood in 20 newborn and 20 adults. To determine the physiological distribution of hpre-CDCs in adult humans, we examined, peripheral blood, of newborn and adult for small numbers of pre-CDCs travel through the blood and replace cDCs in the peripheral organs, maintaining homeostasis of the highly dynamic cDC pool. Monocyte-derived circulating short-lived pre-CDCs are high in newborn than adults. We assume that any organ includes epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stromal cells, and hematopoietic cells are a source of GM-CSF secretion. Circulations of CD116+ short-lived pre-CDCs undergo maturation when going through the vascular environment with high GM-CSF secretion.