The effect of the temperature on biological characteristics of Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Ancyrosoma leucogrammes'm bazı biyolojik özellikleri, 25±1$\circ$C ve 30±1$\circ$C sıcaklıklara ayarlanmış iklim odalarında araştırılmıştır. Odaların orantılı nemi %55±5 ve günlük aydınlanma süresi 16 saat olarak sabit tutulmuştur. Deneme süresince bireylere besin olarak anason, dereotu, havuç, kereviz ve maydanoz tohumları verilmiş, su ihtiyaçları saf su ile karşılanmıştır. Her iki sıcaklıkta, A, leucogrammes'ın yumurtalarının açılma süreleri, her nimf dönemindeki bireylerin gelişme süreleri, preovipozisyon, ovipozisyon, yarıovipozisyon, post-vipozisyon, ömür süreleri ve her bir dişinin bıraktığı ortalama yumurta sayısı saptanmıştır. Yumurtaların açılma oranları ve her nimf dönemindeki ölüm oranlan bulunmuştur. Erkek ve dişi bireylerin canlı kalma eğrileri çizilmiştir. Ayrıca böceğin gelişme eşiği ve sıcaklık sabitesi hesaplanmıştır.The laboratory experiments were done in climatic chamber with 55±5% relative humidity and 3500 lux illumination during 16 hours per day constantly. The effect of temperature was examined by rearing the insect at 25±1$\circ$C and 30+1$\circ$C each. Ancyrosoma leucogrammes was fed on the seeds of anis, carrot, celery, dill, parsley and distilled water. Ratio of eggs viality, egg incubation periods, survival rates and development periods of each nymphal instar, preoviposition periods, oviposition periods, postoviposition periods, adult survival periods and the mean number of eggs per females were determined at 25$\circ$C and 30$\circ$C temperatures. The developmental threshold and the thermal constant of A. leucogrammes were calculated. Development of the egg was completed in 5.64 and 3.43 days at 25 and 3O0C, respectively. Besides, total development periods of nymphs were found as 21.84 and 14.96 days at the same temperatures. During laboratory rearings, it was calculated that 8.85 and 10.68% of the eggs did not hatch at 25 and 30$\circ$C, respectively. The immature individuals could reached to adult stage 83.05% ratio at 25$\circ$C and 73.11% ratio at 30$\circ$C temperature. The females survival period were found as 37.14 and 30.80 days at 25 and 30$\circ$C, respectively. The survival period of males were determined at the same temperatures 32.90 days and 27.06 days respectively.Preoviposition periods were found as 9.95 and 7.19 days in adults reared at 25 and 30$\circ$C, respectively. Oviposition periods were lasted 24.15 and 21.16 days and post-oviposition periods took about 3.04 and 2.45 days at the same temperatures, respectively. Total egg production of females was counted as 224.92 and 180.90 at the 25 and 30$\circ$C, respectively. One generation takes 37.43 days at 250C and 25.58 days at 30$\circ$C. According to these results, development threshold was calculated as 14.20C and thermal constant as 404.2 days degrees for one generation of A. leucogrammes