Ismail Gaspirah and his Kiraat-i Turkî [Ismail Gaspirali'Nin Kiraat-I Türkî Adli Eseri]

The political, conceptual and social movements in Europe during the eighteenth century affected the Russian and the Ottoman Empires so deeply that both countries started to modernize their various institutions. One of these modernization processes took place in the field of education. Upon the influence of the Europeon education system on the Ottomans, the Russian Muslims. being affected by the Ottoman modernization in education, also attempted for similar educational activities. In the new education system introduced among the Russian Muslims, Ismail Gaspirah had great contributions in evolving the "usul-i cedit" movement systematically. His works like "Hoca-i Sibyan". "Kiraat-i Türkî", "Rehber-i Muallimîn", and "Usul-i Cedit Nedir" became very important course materials for the Russian Muslims. Although Gaspirali's theories on the education are well-known. most of his works have never been analysed in a detailed way until today. In this article, his book Kiraat-i Türki, which he wrote for primary school children, is analyzed