Phytochemical and Biological Investigations on Cephalaria anatolica

The aerial parts of Cephalaria anatolica yielded two previously undescribed hederagenin-type triterpene glycosides, namely cephosides B (1) and C (2), in addition to eleven known natural compounds. The new compounds were identified as 3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ? 3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ? 3)-?-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1 glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ? 4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 ? 3)-?-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1 glucopyranosyl ester (2) by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS analysis and chemical evidence. The two new triterpenoid saponins and the n-butanol extract were evaluated for their hemolytic activity in human erythrocyte cells and immunomodulatory properties in activated whole blood cells by PMA plus ionomycin.While only n-butanol extract increased IL-1? concentration strongly with a value of 760.52 pg/mL, cephoside C and n-butanol extract augmented a slight IFN-? secretion with values of 4874.11 and 4750.20 pg/mL, respectively. None of the compounds changed IL-2 levels significantly and showed hemolytic activityThe aerial parts of Cephalaria anatolica yielded two previously undescribed hederagenin-type triterpene glycosides, namely cephosides B (1) and C (2), in addition to eleven known natural compounds. The new compounds were identified as 3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ? 3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 ? 3)-?-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1 glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ? 4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 ? 3)-?-Lrhamnopyranosyl-(1 glucopyranosyl ester (2) by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS analysis and chemical evidence. The two new triterpenoid saponins and the n-butanol extract were evaluated for their hemolytic activity in human erythrocyte cells and immunomodulatory properties in activated whole blood cells by PMA plus ionomycin.While only n-butanol extract increased IL-1? concentration strongly with a value of 760.52 pg/mL, cephoside C and n-butanol extract augmented a slight IFN-? secretion with values of 4874.11 and 4750.20 pg/mL, respectively. None of the compounds changed IL-2 levels significantly and showed hemolytic activit