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Not AvailableMTU1010 is a high-yielding mega-variety of rice grown extensively in India. However, it does not perform well in soils with low phosphorus (P) levels. With an objective to improve MTU 1010 for tolerance to low soil P, we have transferred Pup1, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance from another mega-variety, Swarna, through marker-assisted back cross breeding (MABB). Foreground selection of the F1 and backcross plants was performed with the codominant, closely linked CAPS marker, K20-2, while two flanking markers RM28011 and RM28157 were utilized for recombinant selection. At each backcross generation, positive plants were also analyzed with a set of 85 parental polymorphic SSR markers to identify theQTL-positive plants possessing maximum introgression of MTU 1010 genome. At BC2F1, the best backcross plant was selfe dtogenerate BC2F2s. Among them, the plants homozygous for Pup1 (n = 22) were reconfirmed using the functional marker for Pup1, viz., K46-1, and they were advanced through pedigree method of selection until BC2F6 generation. A total of five elite BC2F6 lines, possessing Pup1 and phenotypically similar to MTU 1010, were screened in the low soil P plot and normal plot (with optimum soil P levels) during wet season, 2016. All the selected lines showed better performance under low P soil with more number of productive tillers,better root system architecture,and significantly higher yield (>390%) as compared to MTU 1010. Further, under normal soil, the lines were observed to be similar to or better than MTU 1010 for most of the agro-morphological traits and yield. This study represents the successful application of marker assisted selection for improvement of tolerance to low soil P in a high-yielding Indian rice variety.The authors received financial support provided by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, for execution of the research study through the Grant # BT/PR4665/AGII/106/854/2012 dated: 19/02/2013