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Not AvailableSmall RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in all stages of plant growth and development. Several classes of sRNAs have been described; the best-described classes are referred to as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). miRNAs are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by mainly targeting the transcription factors in plants and animals. miRNAs are involved in a variety of activities, including plant development, signal transduction, protein degradation, response to environmental stress, and pathogen invasion. Virus infection is one of the biotic stresses, which plant face very frequently. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi viruses (ToLCNDVs) are single standard DNA viruses belong to the family Geminirividae. It infects tomato plants worldwide causing leaf curling, and is responsible for heavy economic losses to tomato production. Two strains of ToLCNDV exist in nature, one showing severe leaf curling symptom and another showing mild symptom after infection. To understand this difference, we analyzed miRNA expression levels using microarray. Expression levels of fourteen miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in the plants inoculated with severe and mild strain of ToLCNDV. Among them, eleven miRNAs are involved inorgan development, hormone signaling and defense responses through their targets. Four constitutive differentially regulated miRNAs (miR-160, 164, 167 and 390) through their targets (viz. ARF8, NAC, ARF3 and MAPK, respectively) control leaf development. Stress responsive miR-403, through its target AGO2, regulates RNAi-mediated defense response. In the present study, we discuss the possible interference of viral proteins in plant development process through the miRNAs.CSIR JRF NE