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People must be fed, and agriculture has to face the challenge of producing sufficient food for a rapidly growing world population whilst maintaining the world’s fragile resources. The major problems of present day agriculture are decline in agriculture growth rate, decline in factor productivity, static or decline in food production, increasing malnutrition, shrinkage in net cultivable area, increasing environmental pollution, depleting groundwater table, increasing cost of production, low farm income and increasing unemployment. Modern farming systems have evolved to meet this need in a way that combines the essential requirements of profitability and productivity. The Indian economy is predominantly rural and agricultural, and the declining trend in size of land holding poses a serious challenge to the sustainability and profitability of farming. Sustainable development must encompass food production alongside conservation of finite resources and protection of the natural environment so that the needs of people living today can be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. To meet these multiple objectives Integrated Farming System has emerged as the most viable and valuable approach to addressing the problems of sustainable economic growth for farming communities in India, especially for the small and marginal farmers under fragile hill ecosystem under the changing climatic scenario. Economic and ecological access to food can be ensured by adopting IFS consisting of change from commodity-based to resource-based planning and integrated use and management of land, water and human resources to maximize income and employment. The primary goals of IFS is to maximize the yield of all component to provide round the year income at higher level, rejuvenation of systems productivity and achieve agroecological equilibrium through natural resource conservation. Integrated farming system has the advantages of increasing economic yield per unit area per unit time, profitability, sustainability and provides balanced nutritious food for the farmers, pollution free environment and provide opportunity for effective recycling of one product as input to other component, income round the year and solve the energy, fodder, fuel and timber crisis, avoids degradation of forests and enhance the employment generation, increase input use efficiency and finally improve the livelihood of the farming community. Integrated farming systems have emerged as a well-accepted, single window and sound strategy for harmonizing simultaneously joint management of land, water, vegetation, livestock and human resources. It is this approach that can lead to a quantum jump in the productivity on a sustainable basis and ensure better livelihood securities to the people in fragile hill ecosystems. Thus, IFS is not only a powerful tool for management of natural resources and to achieve sustainability in agriculture, but also ensures rural prosperity by improving standard of living of the farm families. Adoption of Integrated Farming System for enhancing resource use efficiency, mitigation of climate change and crop productivity is the need of the hour. Given this backdrop, this manual has been prepared with an objective to upgrade the knowledge and improve the skills of the researchers and extension workers on Integrated Farming System and its practical utility for enhancing productivity, profitability, sustainability, resource use efficiency and healthy living.Not AvailableNot Availabl