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Not AvailablePoultry plays an important role in rural livelihood security as well as is an integral part of human life in many ways by providing animal protein as meat and eggs. In drylands, especially Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, they has social and ethical value through hobby, sporting, etc. There is an excellent advancement in poultry production through extensive usage of population genetics principles and intensive selection and development of specialized populations of poultry. For continued genetic progress, it is very important to conserve the genetic reservoir of existing poultry populations which can respond to future research and production needs in a sustainable way. Like other species, poultry biodiversity is also declining at an alarming level globally and we may need to review the urgency of conserving poultry biodiversity because avian species are unique and the topic becomes more important in the era of climate change. Nearly 36% of meat production in India is contributed by poultry and 12.82% of total egg production is from Desi Fowls (BAHS, 2016). The largest producer of egg is Tamil Nadu which produces 19.4% of the total egg production in the country followed by Andhra Pradesh that produces 18.89% of the egg production. Telangana is the third largest egg producer state in the country which produces 13.5% of the total egg production in the country (BAHS, 2016). Poultry is reared by marginal and small farmers due to its low feed, water and other production input requirements and thus contributes significantly to the rural livelihoods and economy. However, indigenous breeds are very important in the period of climate change where temperature, humidity, rainfall and climatic extreme events are uncertain and more frequent. Indigenous breeds of India are more hardy, agile to escape from predators, adapted to varied agro-ecosystem, greater capacity to be reared on low grade feed materials, hard egg shell and having good nutritive valued meat. To achieve the fast growth in poultry sector with higher FCR, better genomic research in this area is need of the hour. To meet the growing demands of the population and to improve the per capita consumption among the rural/tribal people, indigenous poultry farming in rural/ tribal areas is the best alternative. Indigenous chickens are of great importance to smallholder farmers in India and it requires the challenge towards improving productivity for increasing financial and food security. Thus, current concept deals with management strategies for conservation of indigenous poultry by molecular approach in detail.Not Availabl