Volume édité par Pascale MounierInternational audienceThis paper studies the treatment of Homer as “eyewitness” to the Trojan War by classical-era Greek historians (Herodotus, Thucydides), particularly in the historiography of the same period. Whereas Herodotus adopts a polemical stance by challenging Homer’s authority and defines his own practice as a historian in opposition to the Homeric model, Thucydides, less sceptical, implements a method using the Homeric poems as a source of information on the economic and political history of classical antiquity. This theory of a “hidden meaning” is found in various classical-era historians and geographers who, although trained to respect Homeric tradition, persisted in questioning the historicity ...