International audienceHuman settlement in the upper parts of the Loire and Allier rivers is strongly related to paleoenvironmental conditions. Two major phases of colonization can be individualized. Until the end of the Older Dryas, settlements are episodic and occur only during interstadial episodes. This area is located in the neighbouring of the main centers of settlement. From the Bölling, the human occupation, larger than before, appears independent to climatic fluctuations. For each phase, a model of human socio-economic organization is proposed. However, the limits of an interpretation exclusively in term of « ecology » of the human behaviour is emphasized.Les conditions paléoenvironnementales du Würm récent régissent en grande parti...