From city streets to metropolitan scale in Paris and the île-de-France Region: Rescaling transit in Paris and Île-de-France

International audienceSince the 1990s, the city of Paris and Île-de-France region (ie Paris urban region and regional government) have experienced massive and profound changes in transportation policy. Officials in Paris City council, region Ile de France and other local authorities have combined initiatives and programs to expand public transport infrastructure and modify use of street space, promoting strong alternatives to private vehicle use and auto-centric urban design, and increasing accessibility to major economic and financial centers. How did Paris achieve these successes in transport policymaking? How did the city and region establish a new mobility paradigm? We argue that the political objectives, policy innovations, and institutionalized governance changes that connected city and regional actors together behind a more integrated transport system, highlighting the key role that conflict and cooperation among political authorities and parties at various scales played in achieving these transformative transportation outcomes