Analysis of Spatial Conflicts : A Model of Coastal Spatial Planning with a Spatial Connectivity Approach

Alternative policies to manage the seven key factors (zones) are: 1) setting static fisheries by first calculating the carrying capacity of the area for fishing activities; 2) setting seaweed farming activities by providing legal certainty through spatial planning for seaweed farming; 3) optimizing the land for the electrict power plant and oil and gas industry zone in the coastal border and conducting a review of the site of the power plant waste disposal by minimizing the impacts it may cause; 4) regulating sea course by establishing shipping lanes for coastal communities; and, 5) preserving the conservation areas in terms of quality and quantity. Spatial conflicts seem unavoidable when the uses of coasts are to be managed. Mapping the conflict zones in coastal areas is required so that the conflicts can be properly managed. To do this, it is necessary to create a Model of Coastal Spatial Planning (MCSP) with a spatial connectivity approach. Based on the result of a prospective analysis, the zones which have a strong influence as well as a strong dependence (leverage variables) on the conditions of the coastal environment include static fisheries, seaweed farming, shipping lanes, electrict power plant, oil and gas industry, port and conservation. These zones are strong variables in the system of coastal areas. The zones that have a small influence but have a high dependence on the conditions of the coastal environment of Bontang City are the zones of tourism and coastal border