Blood Lead Levels and Likely Adverse Health Outcomes in Under Five Children in Kabwe, Zambia

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine blood lead levels which can lead to adverse health outcomes in under five children in Kabwe (Makululu Township). This study was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data collected in 2015 by Misenge environmental and technical services (METS) ltd, a subsidiary of ZCCM- Investments Holdings Plc. The study was conducted in four zones (Zambezi, Moomba, Makululu, Chililalila) with proximity to the closed Kabwe mine. The study population was children under five, in Makululu Township and study sample was conveniently selected from the study population. All under five children brought to Kabwe mine clinic from Makululu Township were measured for their blood lead levels, until a sample size of 1,166 was reached Blood samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory for lead concentrations by a professional staff; under the supervision of a medical officer at Kabwe Mine Clinic where lead-Care blood testing system was used. A small, capillary sample of blood (5