Genetic relatedness assessment of dwarf elder (sambucus ebulus l.) and its hybrids jaxeb and jax(jaxeb) using molecular markers

Rod bezeg (Sambucus L.) je pester rod, ki po najnovejših sistematikah obsega devet vrst. Bezgi dobro uspevajo v skoraj vseh podnebnih razmerah. Zaradi velike morfološke pestrosti in prilagojenosti na različne ekološke razmere je razlikovanje med posameznimi vrstami pogosto zelo težavno. Bezgi so vsestransko uporabni: skoraj vsi deli rastline se lahko uporabljajo za različne industrijske namene, v ljudskem zdravilstvu in prehrani, mnoge vrste pa so lahko tudi zanimive okrasne rastline. Z namenom oblikovanja nove genetske in fenotipske variabilnosti ter povečanja mase in kvalitete pridelka so nastali številni medvrstni križanci. Habat (S. ebulus L.), ki je eden od treh avtohtonih vrst bezga pri nas, je zelnata trajnica z značilnim vonjem socvetij, plodov in listov. Glavni cilj magistrskega dela je bil s pomočjo molekulskih markerjev določiti genetsko sorodnost med habatom in njegovimi neposrednimi križanci (JA × EB) in križanci povratnega križanja z javanskim bezgom (S. javanica Blume) –JA × (JA × EB). Najožja genetska sorodnost je bila ugotovljena med neposrednimi križanci. Potomci povratnega križanja z javanskim bezgom so tvorili genetsko dokaj sorodno, vendar ločeno skupino.Elderberries (the genus Sambucus L.) belong to a very diverse genus, consisting of nine species. They can be found in almost all climates. High morphological variation and adaptability make differentiation among different species difficult. Almost all the parts of the plants can be utilized for different purposes such as herbal remedies, food, beverages or as ornamental plants. Many elderberry interspecific hybrids were bred to increase genetic and phenotypic variability as well as to improve fruit yield and quality. The dwarf elder (S. ebulus L.) is one of three indigenous elderberry species in Slovenia. It is a herbaceous perennial with a distinctive inflorescence, fruit and leaf smell. The main goal of the thesis was to assess the genetic relatedness between dwarf elder and its direct hybrids JA×EB and backcrosses JA×(JA×EB). It was found that the parental species (S. ebulus) was genetically the most similar to the descendants of the direct cross JA×EB, while the descendants of the backcross involving the javanese elder (S. javanica Blume - JA×(JA×EB)) formed a genetically similar but separate group