Testing practical manipulation methods of adjusting artefacts for blind and visually impaired individuals

V magistrskem delu najprej predstavimo značilnosti specifičnega doživljanja sveta pri slepih in slabovidnih osebah in sicer na kakšen način in preko katerih zaznavnih kanalov si slepi in slabovidni ljudje ustvarjajo sliko oziroma podobo o njihovi okolici in dogajanju v njej. Omenjena skupina posameznikov si svet interpretira s pomočjo drugih čutov in v sodelovanju delujočih zaznavnih poti in priučenih ter izurjenih občutkov. Te vrline uporabljajo pri komunikaciji z drugimi, tako pri prejemanju kot posredovanju informacij. Predvsem tip je tisti, ki jim omogoča konkretno povezavo z zunanjim svetom, sluh pa tisti, ki jim tudi na daljavo nudi možnost sprejemanja okolice in okoliščin, v katerih se nahajajo. Ne glede na vse naštete, nekoliko drugačne in prilagojene načine zaznavanja so slepi in slabovidni pravnomočni posamezniki, ki so kot vsi ostali predstavniki ranljivih skupin skupaj z normativnimi ljudmi povsem enakopravni in morajo kot taki biti tudi obravnavani. Nadalje se v magistrski nalogi posvetimo pravicam, ki jih imajo in jih morajo biti deležni v zakonu tako imenovani invalidi in povzamemo relevantne člene iz sprejetega zakona, nanašajoče se na skupino slepih in slabovidnih. Enakopravnost se kaže na mnogih področjih, eno izmed njih, ki smo ga tudi izpostavili, je dostopnost kulturnih dobrin, natančneje muzejev in njihovih vsebin oziroma programov. Prikazali smo stanje stopnje prilagojenosti slovenskih muzejev, navedli možne in obstoječe načine prilagoditev ter predstavili Muzej Dravograd kot enega izmed teh, ki si želijo svoje vsebine narediti dostopne omenjenim skupinam ljudi. Po opisu zbirke in artefaktov, ki se v njej nahajajo, smo izpostavili tiste, ki smo jih z določenimi praktično manipulativnimi metodami prilagodili in s tem omogočili, da jih slepi in slabovidni zaznajo preko njihovih bolje delujočih kanalov percepcije. V empiričnem delu smo učinkovitost metod preizkusili tudi v praksi skozi vodstvo slepih in slabovidnih oseb po razstavi. Učinkovitost in ustreznost prilagojenih artefaktov smo preverjali oz. analizirali skozi observacijo v kombinaciji z intervjujem slepih in slabovidnih oseb ob koncu vodstva. Rezultate smo analizirali in ugotovili, katere metode so se izkazale kot učinkovite, podrobneje v katerih aspektih in obenem na katerih področjih bi jih lahko še dopolnili, izboljšali ali spremenili. V praktičnem delu magistrskega dela predstavljamo rezultate in posamezne artefakte, ki smo jih v raziskavi prilagajali.The master thesis first presents the characteristics of the specific experience of the world from the perspective of blind and partially sighted people. How and through which sensing channels do blind and partially sighted people create an image of their surroundings and the events happening within them. This group of individuals is interpreting the world with the help of other senses and through cooperation with functioning perceptual paths as well as learned and trained feelings. They use these skills when communicating with others, both in receiving and passing on information. Especially touch is the sense that enables them a concrete connection with the outside world and hearing the one that provides a chance to percieve their surroundings from a distance. Regardless of all the somewhat different and adapted ways of perception, blind and partially sighted are still legally bound individuals, who, along with other representatives of vulnerable groups and normative people, are completely equal and must be treated as such. Further, in the thesis we focus on the rights these individuals have and are entitled for and summarize the most relevant aritcles from the adopted law. Equality is evident in many areas, one of them we also highlighted being accesibility of cultural goods, more specifically museums and their contents or programs. We presented the state of adaptation of Slovenian museums, outlined possible and existing ways of adaptation, and presented the Museum in Dravograd as one of those who wish to make their contents accessible to these groups of people. After describing the collection and its artifacts, we highlighted those that were adapted by appying certain practical manipulation methods, allowing the blind and partially sighted to perceive them through their better functioning channels of perception. In the empirical part, the effectiveness of the methods was also tested in practice, where the blind and partially sighted were guided around the exhibition. The efficiency and appropriateness of the adapted artifacts were examined and analyzed through observation in combination with an interview of the attendees at the end of the guided tour. We analyzed the results and identified which methods proved to be effective, in more detail in which aspects and areas they could be supplemented, improved or modified. The practical part of the thesis presents the results and individual artifacts that were adapted in the research