Model-based segmentation of medical imagery by matching distributions

1 The segmentation of deformable objects from three-dimensional images is an important and challenging problem, especially in the context of medical imagery. We present a new segmentation algorithm based on matching probability distributions of photometric variables that incorporates learned shape and appearance models for the objects of interest. The main innovation over similar approaches is that there is no need to compute a pixelwise correspondence between the model and the image. This allows for a fast, principled algorithm. We present promising results on difficult imagery for three-dimensional computed tomography images of the male pelvis for the purpose of image-guided radiotherapy of the prostate. Index Terms Deformable segmentation, prostate segmentation, shape and appearance model, medical image segmentation, prostate cancer, image-guided therapy. I