Secure media streaming & secure adaptation for non-scalable video

secure streaming, secure transcoding, secure scalable streaming, secure video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Two important capabilities in media streaming are (1) adapting the media for the time-varying available network bandwidth and diverse client capabilities, and (2) protecting the security of the media. Providing both end-to-end security and adapting at a (potentially untrusted) sender or mid-network node or proxy can be solved via a framework called Secure Scalable Streaming (SSS) which provides the ability to transcode the content without requiring decryption. In addition, this enables secure transcoding to be performed in a R-D optimized manner. The original SSS work was performed for scalably coded media. This paper examines its potential application to non-scalable media. Specifically, we examine the problems of how to scale non-scalable H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video and how to do it securely. We first show, perhaps surprisingly, that the importance of different P-frames in a sequence can vary by two orders of magnitude. Then we propose two approaches for securely streaming and adapting encrypted H.264 video streams in an R-D optimized manner using (1) Secure-Media R-D Hint Tracks, and (2) Secure Scalable Packets. While we can not scale the bit rate of encrypted non-scalable H.264 to the same extent possible for scalably coded media, our method does provide some scaling capability and more importantly provides 4-8 dB gain compared to conventional approaches