Artificial Intelligence 170 (2006) 385–408 Breadth-first heuristic search

Recent work shows that the memory requirements of A * and related graph-search algorithms can be reduced substantially by only storing nodes that are on or near the search frontier, using special techniques to prevent node regeneration, and recovering the solution path by a divide-and-conquer technique. When this approach is used to solve graph-search problems with unit edge costs, we show that a breadth-first search strategy can be more memory-efficient than a best-first strategy. We also show that a breadthfirst strategy allows a technique for preventing node regeneration that is easier to implement and can be applied more widely. The breadth-first heuristic search algorithms introduced in this paper include a memory-efficient implementation of breadth-first branch-and-bound search and a breadth-first iterative-deepening A * algorithm that is based on it. Computational results show that they outperform other systematic search algorithms in solving a range of challenging graph-search problems