Paired Speech and Gesture Generation in Embodied Conversational Agents

Using face-to-face conversation as an interface metaphor, an embodied conversational agent is likely to be easier to use and learn than traditional graphical user interfaces. To make a believable agent that to some extent has the same social and conversational skills as humans do, the embodied conversational agent system must be able to deal with input of the user from different communication modalities such as speech and gesture, as well as generate appropriate behaviors for those communication modalities. In this thesis, I address the problem of paired speech and gesture generation in embodied conversational agents. I propose a real-time generation framework that is capable of generating a comprehensive description of communicative actions, including speech, gesture, and intonation, in the real-estate domain. The generation of speech, gesture, and intonation are based on the same underlying representation of real-estate properties, discourse information structure, intentional and attentional structures, and a mechanism to update the common ground between the user and the agent. Algorithms have been implemented to analyze the discourse information structure, contrast, and surprising semantic features, which together decide the intonation contour of the speech utterances and where gestures occur. I also investigate through a correlational study the role of communicative goals in determining the distribution of semantic features across speech and gesture modalities