Decision-Making in Water Resources IX, "20-Year Retrospective and Prospective of Risk-Based Decision-Making", Santa Barbara, California. American Society of Civil Engineers. August 2001.

Risk evaluation criteria can serve a useful role in developing a business case for justifying dam safety risk-reduction measures for individual dams and for portfolios of dams. This paper discusses the limitations of simple threshold criteria and the use of estimates of the cost-effectiveness of risk-reduction measures to evaluate ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) considerations, which play a role in assessing the owner's duty of care and due diligence. It also describes an emerging approach to using risk estimates to formulate and justify a dam safety improvement program and for strengthening ongoing dam safety management activities