Looking-in and looking-out of a vehicle: Computer-vision-based enhanced vehicle safety

Abstract—This paper presents investigations into the role of computer-vision technology in developing safer automobiles. We consider vision systems, which cannot only look out of the vehicle to detect and track roads and avoid hitting obstacles or pedestrians but simultaneously look inside the vehicle to monitor the attentiveness of the driver and even predict her intentions. In this paper, a systems-oriented framework for developing computervision technology for safer automobiles is presented. We will consider three main components of the system: environment, vehicle, and driver. We will discuss various issues and ideas for developing models for these main components as well as activities associated with the complex task of safe driving. This paper includes a discussion of novel sensory systems and algorithms for capturing not only the dynamic surround information of the vehicle but also the state, intent, and activity patterns of drivers. Index Terms—Active safety, driver-support systems, intelligent vehicles, real-time machine-vision systems. I