Performance issues in parallelized network protocols

Parallel processing has been proposed as a means of improving network protocol throughput. Several different strategies have been taken towards parallelizing protocols. A relatively popular approach is packet-level parallelism, where packets are distributed across processors. This paper provides an experimental performance study of packet-level parallelism on a contemporary sharedmemory multiprocessor. We examine several unexplored areas in packet-level parallelism and investigate how various protocol structuring and implementation techniques can affect performance. We study TCP/IP and UDP/IP protocol stacks, implemented with a parallel version of the x-kernel running in user space on Silicon Graphics multiprocessors. Our results show that only limited packet-level parallelism can be achieved within a single connection under TCP, but that using multiple connections can improve available parallelism. We also demonstrate that packet ordering plays a key role in determining single-connection TCP performance, that careful use of locks is a necessity, and that selective exploitation of caching can improve throughput. We also describe experiments that compare parallel protocol performance on two generations of a parallel machine and show how computer architectural trends can influence performance.