VM-Based Shared Memory on Low-Latency, Remote-Memory-Access Networks

Recent technological advances have produced network interfaces that provide users with very low-latency access to the memory of remote machines. We examine the impact of such networks on the implementation and performance of software DSM. Specifically, we compare two DSM systems—Cashmere and TreadMarks—on a 32processor DEC Alpha cluster connected by a Memory Channel network. Both Cashmere and TreadMarks use virtual memory to maintain coherence on pages, and both use lazy, multiwriter release consistency. The systems differ dramatically, however, in the mechanisms used to track sharing information and to collect and merge concurrent updates to a page, with the result that Cashmere communicates much more frequently, and at a much finer grain. Our principal conclusion is that low-latency networks make DSM based on fine-grain communication competitive with more coarse-grain approaches, but that further hardware improvements will be needed before such systems can provide consistently superior performance. In our experiments, Cashmere scales slightly better than TreadMarks for applications with fine-grain interleaving of accesses to shared data. At the same time, it is severely constrained by limitations of the current Memory Channel hardware. On average, performance is better for Tread-Marks. Because most of its messages require remote processing, TreadMarks depends critically on the latency of interrupts: performance improves greatly when processors poll for messages