How can we best use landmarks to support older people in navigation?

This paper builds on such work by examining the role of age and of di#erent ways of presenting navigation information on the e#ectiveness of landmark-based systems. To do this, it uses a set of experiments in the field using an operational prototype of a navigation aid. Theoretically, from the above discussion, it would appear that older people would particularly benefit from the inclusion of landmark information and the work described in this paper examines this hypothesis. It further investigates how this information can be best presented to older people in view of reduced sight and hearing, by examining di#erent modalities. Some of the results from the first part of this study were previously presented in (Goodman et al. 2004b