Volume under the ROC surface for multi-class problems

Abstract. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis has been successfully applied to classifier problems with two classes. The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) has been elected as a better way to evaluate classifiers than predictive accuracy or error and has also recently used for evaluating probability estimators. However, the extension of the Area Under the ROC Curve for more than two classes has not been addressed to date, because of the complexity and elusiveness of its precise definition. Some approximations to the real AUC are used without an exact appraisal of their quality. In this paper, we present the real extension to the Area Under the ROC Curve in the form of the Volume Under the ROC Surface (VUS), showing how to compute the polytope that corresponds to the absence of classifiers (given only by the trivial classifiers), to the best classifier and to whatever set of classifiers. We compare the real VUS with “approximations ” or “extensions ” of the AUC for more than two classes.