Characteristics Associated With Recurrence Among

ively, for women with high-nuclear-grade DCIS; 11.6% (95% CI # 11.3% to 12.0%) and 8.6% (95% CI # 7.1% to 10.2%), respectively, for women whose initial DCIS lesion was detected by palpation; and 6.6% (95% CI # 6.2% to 7.1%) and 14.1% (95% CI # 11.4% to 17.8%), respectively, for women with DCIS detected by mammography alone. High- (versus low-) nuclear-grade DCIS lesions and detection of the initial DCIS lesion by palpation (versus mammography) were associated with recurrence as invasive cancer. High- (versus low-) nuclear-grade lesions; resection margins that were positive, uncertain, or less than 10 mm disease-free (versus >10 mm disease-free); and age 40 -- 49 years at diagnosis (versus >50 years) were associated with recurrence as DCIS. Conclusions: Nuclear grade is strongly associated with recurrence but not with the type of recurrence. Women with highnuclear -grade DCIS or DCIS detected by palpation who are treated by lumpectomy alone are at relatively high risk of having an inv