Achieving Convergence, Causality-preservation, and Intention-preservation in Real-time Cooperative Editing Systems

ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Permissions may be requested from Publications Dept, ACM Inc., 1515 Broadway, New York, NY 10036 USA, fax 1 (212) 869-0481, or permissions@acm.org. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions, Vol.5, No.1, March 1998, Pages 63-108. 2 \Delta Chengzheng Sun, et al. 1. INTRODUCTION Cooperative editing systems are very useful groupware tools in the rapidly expanding areas of CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative Work) [Ellis et al. 1991], They can be used to allow physically dispersed people to edit a shared textual document [Ellis and Gibbs 198