An Embedded Wavelet Video Coder Using Three-Dimensional Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT)

The SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) algorithm by Said and Pearlman is known to have produced some of the best results in still image coding. It is a fully embeded wavelet coding algorithm with precise rate control and low complexity. In this paper is presented an application of the SPIHT algorithm to video sequences, using three-dimensional (3D) wavelet decompositions and 3D spatio-temporal dependence trees. A full 3D-SPIHT encoder/decoder is implemented in software and is compared against MPEG-2 in parallel simulations. Although there is no motion estimation or compensation in 3D SPIHT, it performs measurably and visually better than MPEG2, which employs complicated means of motion estimation and compensation. I. INTRODUCTION Embedded zero-tree coding by Shapiro [[Sha92]] is a coding scheme which exploits inter-subband correlations/similarities. It uses self-similarity to efficiently transmit the significance map with a tree structure called a zero-tree which denotes a..