DNA chips - Integrated Chemical Circuits for DNA Diagnosis and DNA computers

h the progress of the genome sequenc i ng projec ts. The whole genome sequencing of many organisms is now going on in the world [1]. Last year, for example, the whole genome of bread yeast was sequenced out. It i s a genome of 14.4 Mb (mega base) long containing about 6,000 genes. In 2002-2005, sequencing of the whole human genome will be finished. There are about 100,000 genes in the human genome. These efforts are about to open a new age where everything concerning the life is obviously understood based on DNA base sequences. Prec i se diagnosis of diseases wi l l be extensively carried out using DNA base sequences of genes or genomes causing diseases. A diagnostic instrument that can detect more than 10,000 different cancers and infectious diseases would be i nevitable fac i l i ties i n doc tor's offices. Sc i ences desc ribed by gene expression patterns of 100,000 human genes wi l l be the basis of research on cel l differentiation, environmental adaptation, and brain functions o