Faster IP Lookups using Controlled Prefix Expansion

Internet (IP) address lookup is a major bottleneck in high performance routers. IP address lookup is challenging because it requires a longest matching prefix lookup. It is compounded by increasing routing table sizes, increased traffic, higher speed links, and the migration to 128 bit IPv6 addresses. We describe how IP lookups can be made faster using a new technique called controlled prefix expansion. Controlled prefix expansion, together with optimization techniques based on dynamic programming, can be used to improve the speed of the best known IP lookup algorithms by at least a factor of two. When applied to trie search, our techniques provide a range of algorithms whose performance can be tuned. For example, with 1 MB of L2 cache, trie search of the MaeEast database with 38,000 prefixes can be done in a worst case search time of 181 nsec, a worst case insert/delete time of 2.5 msec, and an average insert/delete time of 4 usec. Our actual experiments used 512 KB L2 cache to obtain..