Adaptive Modulation and Error Control for Energy Efficiency for Wireless Smart Card

The need for a new generation of smart cards by identification security applications such as building security has inspired this research. A new smart card that communicates through wireless links requires a reduction in its communication energy needs. This paper addresses this challenge by controlling power consumption through adapting modulation and error control while maintaining the bit error rate (BER). This adaptive approach will be based on the link quality and power available. This paper presents a protocol for the wireless smart card link using a forward error control (FEC) scheme with an adaptive Reed-Solomon code rate and an M-ary Frequency Shift Keying (M-FSK) modulation scheme with varying symbol size M over the link. In this paper the energy efficiency of a variety of error correction and modulation schemes are compared. Adaptive error correction and adaptive modulation are shown to save over 50% of the energy compared with static schemes