Concepts, Attributes, and Arbitrary Relations -- Some Linguistic and Ontological Criteria for Structuring Knowledge Bases

There is a subtle risk of ambiguity in the choice between concepts and roles forced by current KL-ONE-like languages, since many roles may be concepts as well. In this paper we explore the ontological foundations of the role/concept relationship, and analyze its implications on the practice of knowledge engineering. We criticize the current interpretation of KL-ONE roles as arbitrary relations, which vanishes their original meaning and makes them identical to slots. We suggest to call attributes those concepts which actually act as conceptual components, and propose a formal semantics which binds these concepts to their corresponding relations