SQL and PL-SQL: Analysing teaching methods

Knowledge on Database systems is essential in qualifications related to Information Technology, Information Systems, Computer Science, and Software Engineering. It is an expectation from the industry that graduates with these qualifications are competent with working on database systems. For learners to be proficient in the concepts of database systems, a good understanding of SQL and PL-SQL is core. However, many learners perceive it to be difficult to grasp even the basic concepts, especially in a flipped classroom model. In this paper we reflect on the challenges faced in teaching and learning SQL and PL-SQL and we present the factors that contribute to these learning difficulties. We review the literature of teaching methods that can be applied to overcome these perceptions and difficulties. The focus is to enable learners to gain the necessary knowledge and skill to create scripts in a professional manner. We aim to describe a teaching approach to improve student engagement and completion rates while providing a holistic learning experience