The Use of Metaphors in the 2017 Jakarta Governor Election.

Metaphors have long been a study of literature but the study of metaphors on political discourse in Indonesia is still very rare. The studies on metaphors in Indonesian are mostly to find the type of metaphor but rarely to examine metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon. This research aims to obtain an overview of the use of metaphor in the 2017 Jakarta Governor election which includes (1) the topics and vehicles of metaphors that structures metaphorical expressions, (2) the ideologies of speakers underlying the emergence of metaphorical expressions, and (3) the functions of metaphorical expressions. This research is qualitative research that integrates cognitive, pragmatic, and critical discourse analysis. The data are linguistic expressions in the form of words, phrases, and clauses that contain metaphorical expressions that appear in debates in the 2017 Jakarta Governo election. The data were taken from YouTube and they were only taken from two candidates that competing until the second round: Ahok-Djarot and Anies-Sandi. The techniques of data collections were observations along with reading and recording technique which includes transcription, extraction, and reduction. The instrument is the researcher himself as a human instrument with several indicators of metaphor that have been validated by experts. Instrument reliability was obtained by solid, rich, and detailed descriptions that can clarify bias. The data were analyzed using referential methods, critical discourse analysis, and inferential abduction methods. The results show that (1) there are 19 topics and 24 vehicles that construct the metaphorical expressions where the most emerging topics are humans and leaders, (2) in general, both candidates have the same ideology which is progressive conservatism and nationalism. Yet they have a contradictory ideology that appears on the topic of humans and leaders; Ahok-Djarot is more coherent to having a conservative ideology while Anies-Sandi more coherent to having a progressive ideology, and (3) most of the metaphorical expressions found in this research cognitively have ontological functions and structural functions and pragmatically, they have a function to influence listeners by using vehicles that are close to everyday life to simplify abstract and complex issues