Attitudes toward School, Homework, Subject Matter Value, Self-Concept and Positive Affect: A Structural Equation Model

Almost every teacher assigns homework to students. Teachers, parents as well as students believe that this activity-which should be done in non-school hoursenhances achievement. The amount of time students spend doing homework has been the focus of national surveys and international comparisons. According to Kackar, Shumow, Schmidt & Grzetichage (2011) age and gender are powerful influences in human development…and Time use is a fundamental indicator of cultural practices, values, and behavior. Kackar et al. (2011) argued that time spent doing homework is related to academic success ((Schmitz & Skinner, 1993). However, the empirical evidence of such association is not consistent (Cooper, Lindsay, Nye, & Greathouse, 1998). One important aspect of this study is that its sample comes from a country where education is single sex. Most research on homework, attitudes, parental involvement and self-concept has been conducted in western settings or eastern coeducational settings. It is interesting to see how these variables correlate, and if the correlations vary by gender. As for differences across gender, girls, in general, tend to have mor