Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Disease Name: Organism: Incubation period: Infectious period: Transmission routes: Treatment for patient:

Paralytic shellfish poisoning syndrome Saxitoxins produced by Alexandrium species and other dinoflagellates present in shellfish especially during algal blooms known as red tides; however, may occur without red tides. 5 min-12 hours after consumption of shellfish. No secondary transmission documented. Foodborne. In Alaska, all documented cases associated with consumption of cockles, clams, mussels, and crab (toxin found in crab viscera). There is no antidote for the toxin. Individuals who experience the first symptoms of PSP should seek immediate medical attention. In severe cases, dyspnea, dysphagia, muscle weakness or frank paralysis, ataxia and respiratory insufficiency may occur. Symptomatic treatment, including ventilatory support, is crucial for successful outcomes. Recovery is usually complete, symptoms usually resolve within hours to days after shellfish ingestion. Information Needed for the Investigation Verify the Diagnosis • Interview ill person or others who shared meal for symptoms: paresthesias (mouth, lips, face, extremities), nausea, vomiting, floating sensation. • Symptoms, coupled with history of eating shellfish from Alaska beaches equals probable PSP, a public health emergency. Determine the Extent of Illness • Obtain list of persons who shared meal from ill patient if possible. Contact local health care provider, PHN, or family member. • Interview all who shared meal for symptoms, using PSP interview form. Laboratory Specimen