The Mechanism Of The Polarizational Mode Instability In Birefringent Fiber Optics

. We show the soliton solutions of the integrable Manakov equations exhibit an instability under arbitrarily small Hamiltonian perturbations. The instability arises from eigenvalues embedded in the essential spectrum of the associated linearized operators; these eigenvalues are dislodged by smooth perturbations. Specifically we consider perturbations which arise in fiber optics as a result of birefringence, including the so-called four-wave mixing term. Employing the Evans function and a Dirichlet expansion on the stable manifold of the linearized system, we obtain rigorous perturbation results and compute the stability diagram of the fast wave for all physical values of the birefringent parameters, using a novel numerical scheme derived from the Dirichlet expansion. Key words. Traveling waves, Evans function, polarization mode instability, Dirichlet expansion. AMS subject classifications. 34A47, 34C35, 34D30, 35P20, 35Q55, 78A60 1. Introduction. Soliton pulses form the backbone of h..