Researching Measurement Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Studies

In cross-cultural comparative studies it is essential to establish equivalent measurement of relevant constructs across cultures. If this equivalence is not confirmed it is difficult if not impossible to make meaningful comparison of results across countries. This work presents concept of measurement equivalence, its relationship with other related concepts, different equivalence levels and causes of inequivalence in cross-cultural research. It also reviews three main approaches to the analysis of measurement equivalence – multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning, and multigroup latent class analysis – with special emphasis on their similarities and differences, as well as comparative advantages. Key words: measurement equivalence, cross-cultural studies, factor analysis, differential item functioning, latent class analysis; An ever-increasing line of cross-cultural research in psychology is produced in recent decades. Cross-national, cross-cultural and multi-lingual studies are used to compare a wide scope of opinions, attitudes, values, and abilities among different cultural groups. This increased interest in comparative studies may be related to the rapid changes our societies are going through (Van d