A SAS ® Macro for Calculating Bootstrapped Confidence Intervals About a Kappa Coefficient

Cohen’s kappa coefficient has become a standard method for measuring the degree of agreement between two raters. Confidence intervals for kappa and weighted kappa based on its asymptotic variance are available in the SAS system through the FREQ procedure. However, this variance can become unreliable as sample size decreases or as kappa approaches unity. This paper presents a SAS macro for calculating confidence intervals about kappa or weighted kappa using bootstrap resampling methodology, and is intended for an audience with a basic understanding of statistics