“We must trust the perfection of the creation so far, as to believe that whatever curiosity the order of things has awakened in our minds, the order of things can satisfy.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson, NatureACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv This thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents for coming to the United States after living through a revolution and a war, and for starting a new life in a foreign country so that their children might have a better future. Maman and Baba: az tah-e delam, merci. I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dave Stevenson, for providing uncompromising guidance and support and for giving me the freedom to pursue ideas that at first glance...