Typical and atypical circulating tumour cells in bladder cancer. Why improve our knowledge?

Liquid biopsy is the new rontier in cancer biology: easy to perorm at every stage o disease course, low invasive, and not painul, itlooks amazing. In this field can recognize two main characters: circulating tumour cells (CCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).Tey can be considered as a patient’s individual tumour fingerprint, promising an easiest way to ollow cancer progression. akentogether they all seem bright and sparkle, in reality they find low application in clinics, especially in bladder cancer where only theCC count has been correlated to clinical outcomes. Since stage bladder cancer is difficult to manage due to chemotherapy resistance,recurrences and ew therapeutics protocols, we need to go over simply count o CCs, and use them to improve the patient’s managementtherapy and find potential new biomarkers or innovative pharmacological treatments. Here we provide an overview about the potentialemployment o CCs in clinics highlighting the relevance o non-clinically detectable CCs, named “atypical CCs”, which may beresponsible or recurrences and chemotherapy resistance