Co-circulation of genetically distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza A clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N6) viruses in wild waterfowl and poultry in Europe and East Asia, 2017-18
- Poen, M.J. (Marjolein)
- Venkatesh, D.
- Bestebroer, T.M. (Theo)
- Vuong, O. (Oanh)
- Scheuer, R.D. (Rachel)
- Munnink, BBO
- Meulder, D. (Dennis) de
- Richard, M.
- Kuiken, T. (Thijs)
- Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion)
- Kelder, L.
- Kim, Y-J. (Yong-Jin)
- Lee, YJ
- Steensels, M.
- Lambrecht, B.N.M. (Bart)
- Dan, A.
- Pohlmann, A.
- Beer, M. (Martin)
- Savic, V.
- Brown, I.H. (Ian)
- Fouchier, R.A.M. (Ron)
- Lewis, NS
DOIAbstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe in late 2014 and reintroduced in late 2016, following detections in Asia and Russia. In contrast to the 2014–15 H5N8 wave, there was substantial local virus amplification in wild birds in Europe in 2016–17 and associated wild bird mortality, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Since December 2
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