Assessment of multiple mission reusable launch vehicles

Multiple mission reusable launch vehicles could be an interesting and attractive option of the future with cost saving potential. A similar RLV-configuration capable of fulfilling very different needs might significantly reduce the development effort compared to individual developments of several dedicated crafts. The announcement of Elon Musk on the imminent development of a fully reusable two-stage launcher to LEO of very large size, called "BFR" is one spectacular example. DLR’s SpaceLiner concept is similar in certain aspects to the idea of multiple mission reusable launch vehicles. While in its primary role conceived as an ultrafast intercontinental passenger transport, in its second role the SpaceLiner is intended as an RLV capable of delivering heavy payloads into orbit. The paper provides multidisciplinary technical analyses of the different proposed multi-mission RLV-concepts. The characteristic flight conditions of winged gliding stages with those of rocket-decelerated vertical landing vehicles are compared. Performance, size and safety aspects are evaluated