Interakcije hrane i antibiotika

Interactions between food and antibiotics are very complex and not yet completely investigated. Antibiotics are considered as relatively safe drugs, but some interactions with food can have serious impacts. Direct interactions can enhance, modify or decrease the medication action (i.e. interaction of tetracyclines and hinolones with milk). Food can affect antibiotic kinetics, as well as some antibiotics can affect nutrient kinetics. There are four main levels where these interactions take place: 1. digestive tract (physical and chemical interactions); 2. liver (influence on metabolism in liver); 3. system circulation (competition for carriers); and 4. renal elimination (competition for tubular reapsorption). Disulfiram-like reaction can occur when alcohol is consumed during the therapy with some antibiotics (cephalosporins, metronidasol and chloramphenicol). General recommendation is to avoid alcohol drinks during the therapy with antibiotics. It is very important for experts of bromatology, dietetics, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics to devote the part of theirs activities to the problem of food and medication interactions to determine correct drug dose and adequate diet for obtain the best therapeutic effect.Odnosi između hrane i antibiotika su kompleksni i još uvek nisu dovoljno i sveobuhvatno ispitani. Iako se antibiotici smatraju relativno bezbednim lekovima, ipak njihova istovremena upotreba sa nekim sastojcima hrane može dovesti do brojnih neželjenih interakcija. Ove interakcije mogu da smanje koncentraciju antibiotika u plazmi (npr. inhibicija apsorpcije tetraciklina i hinolona kada se uzimaju s mlekom), kao i da oštete izvesne organe (npr. jetru ili bubrege). Opšte je prihvaćeno mišljenje da za vreme uzimanja antibiotika treba u potpunosti izbegavati alkoholna pića. Potrebno je da bromatolozi, dijetetičari, famakolozi i farmakokinetičari deo svoje aktivnosti posvete i ovim problemima da bi se odredilo pravilno doziranje leka i odgovarajuća dijeta u cilju postizanja što boljeg terapeutskog efekta