The Feeling of Volition as a Retrospective Observational Inference

We generally assume that intentions and decisions cause our voluntary acts:We form a conscious intention to do something, and then this mental act leads to a bodily act. Neuroscientific research into the timeline of volition faces the challenge of measuring and reconciling events along many unstably related timelines - external, neural and mental. We use motor TMS stimulation to create a reference event, allowing for single-trial temporal order judgements to be meaningful across all the timelines