Emerging 2D-Nanomaterials for Additive Manufacturing of Space-Grade Hybrid Electronics

The need for robust, sensitive, portable, and inexpensive electronic systems is of significant interest for human space exploration. In general, 2-Dimesional (2D) materials are one to three atoms thick and have modified band structures compared to bulk forms. This quantum confinement gives rise to unique physical and chemical properties. The exemplary electrical and structural properties of 2D materials allow for the design of highly sensitive and selective systems while also limiting the cost, weight and energy consumption of electronic/optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we highlight our recent investigations into the use of 2D material inks for additive manufacturing of electronic and optoelectronic devices. We first report on the electrical transport and power dissipation properties of aerosol-jet printed graphene interconnects, emphasizing the role of device morphology and the substrate on device performance. Secondly, our preliminary data on inkjet printed graphene-based electrodes indicate graphene is a highly sensitive electrode to monitor electrolyte and pH balance in human sweat. Lastly, we also incorporated printed MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) into a photodetector, highlighting its potential as a semiconducting ink for lightweight optoelectronic devices that can withstand the high radiation exposures in space. We find the photocurrent response of the printed photodetector follows the frequency of the applied light signal as expected. Our results provide new insight into structure-property-processing correlations in printed 2D nanomaterial devices, with broader implications for reliability of printed and flexible electronics for space applications