A comparison of the degree of implementation of marine biodiversity indicators by European countries in relation to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)
- Hummel H.
- Frost M.
- Juanes J. A.
- Kochmann J.
- Bolde C. F. C. P.
- Aneiros F.
- Vandenbosch F.
- Franco J. N.
- Echavarri B.
- Guinda X.
- Puente A.
- Fernandez C.
- Galvan C.
- Merino M.
- RAMOS IZQUIERDO MULLER, EDUARDO ANTONIO
- GOMEZ FERNANDEZ, JUAN PAOLO
- Pitacco V.
- Alberte M.
- Wojcik D.
- Grabowska M.
- Jahnke M.
- Crocetta F.
- Carugati L.
- Scorrano S.
- Fraschetti S.
- Garcia P. P.
- Sanabria Fernandez J. A.
- Poromov A.
- Iurchenko A.
- Isachenko A.
- Chava A.
- Pavloudi C.
- Bordeyne F.
- Andersen S. F.
- Eronat E. G. T.
- Cakmak T.
- Louizidou P.
- Rico J.
- Ruci S.
- Corta Diego D.
- Mendez S.
- Rousou M.
- De Clippele L.
- Eriksson A.
- Van Zanten W.
- Diamant A.
- De Matos V. K. F.
DOIAbstract
The degree of development and operability of the indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) using Descriptor 1 (D1) Biological Diversity was assessed. To this end, an overview of the relevance and degree of operability of the underlying parameters across 20 European countries was compiled by analysing national directives, legislation, regulations, and publicly available reports. Marked differences were found between countries in the degree of ecological relevance as well as in the degree of implementation and operability of the parameters chosen to indicate biological diversity. The best scoring EU countries were France, Germany, Greece and Spain, while the worst scoring countries were Italy and Slovenia. No country achie...
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