Uticaj citoplazmatičke muške sterilnosti i ksenija na komponente prinosa kukuruza

The combined effect of cms and xenia is referred to as the plus-hybrid effect and can be used in the maize production in order to increase maize grain yield and quality by growing the sterile version of one hybrid and the fertile version of another hybrid. Two sterile hybrids, their fertile counterparts and five fertile hybrids as pollinators were selected. The following traits were studied: ear length, kernel row number, number of kernels per row, kernel length and 1000-kernel weight. All plus-hybrid combinations of the first hybrid had a longer ear than their fertile counterpart, while this value was reduced in the second hybrid in three out of four combinations. The greatest increase in the ear length amounted to 3.04% (P=0.05). Although all plus-hybrid combinations of the first hybrid had a smaller kernel row number, the differences were not significant. All plus-hybrid combinations of the second hybrid had higher value of this observed trait, while the value of the best combination was higher by 4.2% than the value of its fertile counterpart (P=0.1). As far as the number of kernels per row is concerned, there were no significant differences between the plus-hybrid combinations and their fertile counterparts in any of observed hybrids. The plus-hybrid effect on the kernel length was positive in both hybrids. The best plus-hybrid combination of the first, i.e. the second hybrid had value of this trait higher by 6.06% (P=0.1), i.e. 4.07% (P=0.05), respectively. Two plus-hybrid combinations of the first hybrid had a higher 1000-kernel weight than their fertile counterparts. These differences were not significant. The value of the trait in the worst plus-hybrid combination of the second hybrid was lower by even 12.18% than the value of the fertile counterpart (P=0.01).Kombinovani efekat cms-a i ksenija naziva se Plus-hibrid kukuruza. Odabrali smo dva sterilna hibrida kukuruza, njihove fertilne analoge i pet fertilnih hibrida oprašivača. Ispitivana je dužinu klipa, broj redova zrna, broj zrna u redu, dužinu zrna i masa 1000 zrna. Dok su sve Plus-hibrid kombinacije prvog hibrida imale duži klip u odnosu na fertilnu verziju, kod drugog hibrida je došlo do smanjenja ove vrednosti kod tri od četiri kombinacije. Najviše povećanje dužine klipa iznosilo je 3,04% (P=0,05). Iako su sve Plus-hibrid kombinacije prvog hibrida imale manju vrednost broja redova zrna, ove razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Sve Plus-hibrid kombinacije drugog hibrida su pokazale povećanje vrednosti ovog ispitivanog svojstva, a najbolja je imala za 4,2% višu vrednost od svog fertilnog analoga (P=0,1). Za svojstvo broj zrna u redu nije bilo značajne razlike između Plus-hibrid kombinacija i fertilnih analoga ni kod jednog od ispitivanih hibrida. Plus-hibrid efekat na dužinu zrna, kod oba hibrida, bio je pozitivan. Najbolja Plus-hibrid kombinacija prvog hibrida imala je za 6,06% (P=0,1), a najbolja kombinacija drugog hibrida za 4,07% (P=0,05) višu vrednost ovog ispitivanog svojstva. Dve Plus-hibrid kombinacije prvog hibrida imale su povećanu masu 1000 zrna u odnosu na svog fertilnog analoga, ali ne značajno. Kod drugog ispitivanog hibrida je najlošija plus-hibrid kombinacija pokazala smanjenu vrednost ispitivanog svojstva za čak 12,18% u odnosu na fertilnog analoga (P=0,01)