Effects of Carbonization Temperature on Chemical and Microcrystalline Structural Change in Wood–Ceramics Prepared from Liquefied Pine Wood and Wood Powder

A new type of wood–ceramics was prepared by carbonizing liquefied wood instead of usingthermosetting resin. In this study, the effects of the unit cell of the wood powder and the aromatic ring in liquefied wood on the chemical and microcrystalline structural changes of wood–ceramics under different carbonization temperatures were discussed. Results from Fourier transform IR spectroscopy showed that carbonization affected the structure change of functional groups; broke C–H, C–O, and C¼C bonds; and facilitated the removal of H+ and O2–. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the microcrystalline structure of both wood and liquefied wood was changed to produce graphene sheets as the carbonization temperature increased, and a higher carbonization temperature contributed to a more orderly arrangement of microcrystalline graphite and formed a six-membered carbon ring structure. The number of graphite microcrystals, crystallite size, and the stacking height of the layer plane increased, whereas d002 decreased. The values of d002, La, and Lc were 0.3740, 3.2572, and 0.5754 nm as the temperature reached 1600C, respectively. However, the wood–ceramics remained difficult to completely graphitize