The purpose of this article (I) is to examine the religious situation in Cheshire and Lancashire during the Civil Wars and under the Commonwealth in the middle of seventeenth century. For this purpose the present writer studied two autobiographies of Presbyterian ministers (Adam Martindale and Henry Newcome) rather in detail and showed the difficulties they had faced in establishing Presbyterian church government. The present writer will contribute a following article (II) examining the situation under the Protectorate and after the Restoration to the next volume of this Journal.The purpose of this article (I) is to examine the religious situation in Cheshire and Lancashire during the Civil Wars and under the Commonwealth in the middle of s...